Gas-making apparatus



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- 8 Sheets-Sheet 1. 'J. E. WEAVER; GAS MAKING APPARATUS.

Patented Jan. 30, 1894.

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No. 513,959. Patented Jan. 30, 1894.

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GAS MAKING APPARATUS.

-..No. 513,959. Patented Jan. 30, 1894.

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GAS MAKING APPARATUS.

No. 513,959. Patented Jan. 30,- 1894,.

INVENTOR. I X M WITNESSES.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES E.- WEAVER, F PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

oAs-M KiNe APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 513,959, dated January 30, 1894.

Application filed November 20, 1891- Serial No. 412,508. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, .TAMEs E. WEAVER, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas-Making Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved gas-producing apparatus. Figs. 2 and 3 are side elevations of the same, showing opposite sides of the apparatus. Fig. 4 is a front elevation. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section. Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-section on the line V[VI of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a similar section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the retorts, showing the circula-' tion of the fluids. Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view on' the line IX-IX of Fig. 5; and Fig. 10 is a detail view, hereinafter referred to.

My invention relates to those. apparatus wherein oil is converted into a fixed gas, and it consists in the improved construction and arrangement of parts as hereinafter more fully described and set forth in the claims.

In the drawings, in which similar numerals indicate corresponding parts, 2, 2, represent the side walls of the apparatus, between which is supported the boiler 3 in the usual manner.

In this boiler is located a retort 4., which extends through and slightly beyond each end of the boiler, it being inclined forwardly, as shown, so that any surplus oil will collect at the front end and may be run through a valved pipe 5, which returns it to the supply tank. From this retort rise two pipes 6 and 7, the pipe 6 being an exit pipe for the gas, While the pipe 7 is a short pipe surrounding an inner pipe 8 which leads the oil into the retort, a collar 9 closing the upper end of the pipe tightly about the pipe 8. A horizontal pipe 10 leads rearwardly from the steam dome 11, and connects through a pipe 12 with the steam space of the boiler, and through the pipe 13 with the rear end of the retort. A cook 14 is provided in the pipe 13,and by opening this cock steam may be admitted to the retort, the pipe.5 being opened so that the retort may be blown out and thoroughly cleaned. Surrounding the pipe 10 is a pipe 16, which forms a jacket therefor, the pipe 16 being closed tightly at its ends about the pipe 10 and communicating at its rear end with the outlet pipe 8 for the oil. Into the forward end of the space between these two pipes leads the oil pipe 17, which rises from the pumpchamber 18 and is bent at right angles thereto, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the oil being forced into said space at a high pressure, and as the hole at the lower end ofthe pipe 8 is extremely small, the oil is driven on to the plate 19 supported in the retort with great velocity, and is thrown into a fine spray which is immediately vaporized and converted into a gas, a preliminary heating being effected in the jacket 16 by means of the hot steam in the pipe 10. The gas rising through the pipe 6 passes through pipes 20 and 21 downwardly and enters the lowerseries of the'rearretorts22. A pipe connects the pipe 21 with the upper part of the top seriesof retorts 22, and a second right-angled and valved pipe 32 leads from the lower 'part of thefront series of retorts 31 into the pipe 21, as shown in Fig.8.

From the lower forward end of the retort in the boiler leads the oil pipe 23, from which extend downwardly the two branch pipes 24. which, at their lower ends, are bent upwardly at 25 and enter the elbows of two steam pipes 26, which connect with the pipe 27 leading from the steam dome. The connection of the oil-pipes 24 with the steam-pipes 26 is shown inFig. 10, the oil-pipes terminating in nozzles 28, which are heldcentrally in the surrounding steam pipes by projections 29 upon the pipes 26. From the elbows the pipes 26 extend at right angles toward each other as shown in Fig. 2 and are then bent inwardly and enter, the one the lower portion of thev upper series of rear retorts, and the other the upright retorts 31 in front of the same,re-.

spectively, as shown in Fig. 8. The upper rear series is connected only with thepipes 21 and 26, while the lower series, which isentirely disconnected from the upper series except through the pipe 21, isprovided on the opposite side with a n-shaped pipe 33, which connects the same with the retort 34 beneath the front series of retorts 31, a valved extension 35 of the n shaped pipe leading directly tort 34 connects directly with the reservoir 35" at one side of the boiler setting, a small test pipe 36 being provided for burning a jet of gas.

From the under end of the reservoir leads the pipe 37 into a second tar conduit 38 and from its upper end leads the supply-pipe 39. From the test pipe 36 leads a branch pipe 40, which communicates with the cross-pipe 41 from which extend the burners 42, which lead into the spaces between the retorts 22, as shown in Fig. 9, and serve to heat the same when the plant is in operation. From the pipe 40 also leads a burner pipe 43 extending 1 into the bottom part of the space between the front and rear series of retorts. Grates 44 and 45 are provided at the front and rear ends of the structure, the grate 44 serving to heat the boiler and retort therein, and the grate 45 being employed to heat the retorts 31 and 22 until the flow of gas is started. An inclosing wall or arch 46 is provided over the rear retorts, as shown, which arch serves to throw down the heat upon the retorts and direct the products of combustion forward to the boiler, whence they return over the wall to the stack 47.

In Fig. 3, the system of pipes 48, 49 and 50 represents the usual injector pipes for supplyingwater to the boiler.

51 represents the doors leading to the grate 44, and 53 the doors leading to the grate 45.

In Figs. 1 and 4, 52 is the pipe which leads steam from the pipe 27 to the steam cylinder of the pump 18. The boiler is provided with the usual water-gage 54, safety-valve 55, and steam-gage 56, and suitable pressure gages 57 are placed upon the various pipes of the apparatus as shown.

The retorts 22 and 31 are of a peculiar construction, being formed of a large number of small Wrought iron pipes embedded in a castiron jacket. This construction afifords a very large heating surface and thoroughly fixes the gas.

The operation is as follows: A fire being started on both grates, steam is generated and the retorts heated up. Oil then being pumped into the jacket 16 is first heated therein and then is forced under a high pressure through the pipe 8, and impinging upon the plate 19 is thrown into vapor. This passes out through the pipe 6, and by pipes 20 and 21 passes into the under series of rear retorts 22. At the same time oil being admitted to the pipe 23 passes down through the two branches 24 and 25, and emerging from the tip is met by the descending current of steam in the surrounding pipe 26, and is stripped downwardly and carried through pipes 26 into the top series of rear retorts 22 and the front series of retorts 31. The mixture of oil and steam being vaporized and changed into a gas in these retorts, passes, by pipes 32 and 30, into the pipe 21, and there unitingwith the gas generated in the retort 4, the mixture passes into the lower series of retorts 22 and is there thoroughly fixed. Passing from thence through the n shaped pipe 33, the gas enters the retort 34 and then is admitted to the reservoir 35". As soon as the retorts become fully heated and gas is freely given oif, a small portion is admitted to the burner pipes 42 and 43, and being burned therein furnishes the necessary heat, the fire upon the grates being extinguished.

What I claim is- 1. In gas-making apparatus, the combination with a boiler, of a straight cylindrical retort extending through both heads and inclined to the horizontal, a surplus oil pipe leading from its lower enda plate supported within the retort, an oil-supply pipe discharging upon the plate, and an exit pipe leading from its upper end; substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In gas-making apparatus, the combination with a boiler, of a retort located therein, an oil-supply pipe connected thereto, a second retort external to the boiler, and located in a combustion chamber and a pipe or pipes connecting the two retorts, and an exit pipe or pipes leading from the second retort; subst-antially as and for the purposes described.

3. In gas-making apparatus, the combination with a boiler, of a retort located therein, an oil supply pipe leading thereto, a retort in the boiler-setting connected to the first retort, and burners arranged to heat both the retort and boiler; substantially as and for the pur poses described.

4. The combination with a boiler, of a re tort located therein, a steam pipe connecting with the boiler and having a surrounding jacket, and pipes leading into the space between the steam-pipe and jacket, and from said space into the retort; substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. The combination withan inclined retort within a boiler and an oil-supply pipe leading thereinto, of a second retort, means for admitting oil and steam to said second retort, a fixing retort connected to the first retort, a branch pipe leading into said connection from the second retort, and an exit-pipe leading from the fixing retort; substantially as and for the purposes described.

'6. The combination with a boiler, of a retort located therein, an oilsupply pipe leading thereto, a fixing retort a pipe connecting the retort with said fixing-retort, a retort external to the boiler, oil and gas-supply pipes leading thereto, a pipe connecting the last named retort with the pipe leading to the fixing retort, and an exit-pipe leading from the fixing-retort; substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. In devices for feeding oil to retorts, the combination with a retort of a steam pipe leading thereto, and an oil supply nozzle opening into the steam pipe and arranged to direct the oil in a direction opposite to the steam current; substantiallyas and for the purposes described.

8.. In devices for feeding oil to retorts, the combination of a steam-pipe leading into the retort and having a bend therein, and an oilpipe entering said bend and arranged to direct the oil in a direction opposed to the steam current; substantially as and for the purposes described. I

9. The combination with a boiler, of a retort located therein, an oil-supply pipe leading thereto, a fixing chamber a pipe leading therefrom to said fixing-chamber, a second retort, a steam pipe leading thereto, an oilsupply pipe constructed to discharge oil into the steam pipe against the current of steam,

and a pipe leading from said second retort to the fixing-chamber; substantially as and for the purposes described.

10. In a retort setting, the combination of a boiler, a retort inclosed therein, retorts diszo posed beneath the boiler and separated therefrom by an inclosing Wall, pipes connecting the retorts within and beneath the boiler and supply and exit pipes for the retorts; substantially as described.

11. In retort settings, the combination of a boiler, a retort located therein, longitudinal retorts located beneath the boiler and separated therefrom by an inclosing wall, an upright series of retorts in front of the longitudinal retorts at the end of the inclosing wall, and supply and exit pipes for the retorts and connecting pipes therefor; substantially as described.

' In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of November,A.D. 1891.

JAMES E. WEAVER. 

